IN FOCUS

COOL REFLECTION ON HOT TOPICS


Summer 1998

Volume 3

 
photo RLC 
Publisher: Robert L. Cucin, M.D. 

EDITORIAL POLICY 

 With rare exception, coverage will be limited to plastic surgical topics. However, the subjects are deliberately chosen to be controversial and the views given in this internet newsletter are exclusively those of the publisher. Your feedback is welcomed. 
  

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Give me your thoughts on one of these topics or submit another you would like me to discuss. 

 
BOTOX
     The muscles of the forehead and those at the outer corner of the eye can be paralyzed with an injection of bacterial toxin to eliminate forehead wrinkling and crow's feet at the corners of the eyes.  However, the injections must be repeated after 3-6 months to sustain the effect and some patients may experience a little general malaise on the day of injection. 

 SUN EXPOSURE
There is probably no such thing as a really safe sun tan and both UV A and UV B irradiation are causes of photoaging.   Hence even the newer tanning beds are unsafe. It has been calculated that it takes six sunburns to create a skin cancer.  So that peeling nose at the beach will become that ulcerated basal cell carcinoma requiring an excision and repair with a local flap.  While we can't all carry around  parasols, sun blocks with SPF 6 or better are certainly in order during prolonged sun exposure to avoid becoming a member of the core of elderly sun worshipers every plastic surgeon has in his practice who return year after year with new skin cancers in those sun exposed areas.  Although most of these patients are among the fair-skinned blondes and those of Irish origin, no race or skin type is immune. 

HIGH CHEEK BONES

   That "high fashion look" of prominent cheek bones may be attained by placement of shaped solid silicone implants above the zygomata in a short intraoral surgical procedure (malar augmentation) performed under local anaesthesia.  There are no external scars and the sutures placed in the mouth dissolve.  The patient wears some external tapes for 5 days with little residual bruising or swelling after that time. 


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LIP ENHANCEMENT

    Collagen injections into the muscle are frowned upon by the F.D.A but injection at the vermilion border to alleviate fine smoker's wrinkles (perioral rhytides) and mimic a pouty or "Paris lip" provides a dependable although temporary (6-9 month) augmentation. Augmentations with implanted materials such as autogenous tendon (the patient's own), fascia lata (the patient's own or someone else's), gortex or other materials are all too frequently eventually accompanied by problematic skin erosions and scarring. The patient's own tissues are better tolerated than those of others or foreign materials, but areas of active motion and scant skin coverage like the mouth are poor places for long term survival of implanted materials. Complications of these materials are disastrous and difficult to treat. Permanent enhancement with cheiloplasty, in which the patient's own tissue is shifted outwards to make the lips appear fuller, can reliably effect a modest augmentation in a small procedure carried out under local anaesthesia that may be repeated for greater effect. Injectable elastin is being developed for a more permanent, albeit still temporary, injectable alternative. 


LIPOTOME® LIPOSUCTION

     A patented new technology for suction assisted lipectomy (SAL) soon to be on the market facilitates more precise and speedy surgical  contouring with its reciprocating skinny twin cannula design.  Besides enabling the use of finer cannulas which cause less tissue trauma and shorten convalescence, it incorporates simultaneous cautery to further minimize bleeding and bruising without need for tumescence or ultrasound.  Ultrasonic liposuction (UAL)  has fallen somewhat in disfavor due to the significant incidence of seromas, dyschromia and burns.   Most surgeons restrict its use to treatment of the more difficult cases of gynecomastia and flank liposuction. Lipotome® liposuction promises to give liposuction the convenience and precision mechanical dermatomes have given modern skin grafting. 

BREAST AUGMENTATION

  The silicone gel controversy has not lessened the popularity of breast augmentation with safe inflatable implants containing saline.  The most frequent complication is that of capsule formation which can make the implants firm.  The possibility of this occurrence is best minimized by making sure the breast implants have an adequate cover of normal breast tissue, i.e. staying with the smaller sized implants and using specially textured implants.  Sometimes placing the implants under the muscle can be of value as may small amounts of intraprosthetic steroids. 

 LASER RESURFACING

     Recently touted as a wrinkle panacea, laser treatment of rhytides is indeed effective at lessening their depth and severity. 
 
LASER

However, the post-treatment redness can persist for weeks or even months and the treatment is not really any more effective than any a well performed traditional dermabrasion which possesses the same efficacy without the prolonged erythema or redness.    Deep (phenol, tricholoracetic acids) and superficial peels (glycolic, pyruvic acids) are alternative methods of attacking the same problem. The former group lessen the skin pigmentation with a "bleaching" effect while the latter do not affect skin color but are less effective and require repeat application. 
 


 OUT DAMNED SPOT!

     Patients frequently consult dermatologists and plastic surgeons with questions about skin spots, growths and blemishes.  They wonder which ones are dangerous as opposed to being merely unsightly.  The characteristics of those growths which should be promptly tended to are: irregular margins, satellite lesions, variegated pigmentation, ulceration, bleeding, and sudden change or growth.  While the treatment depends on the nature of the lesion in question, most growths require excision of the deeper dermal elements to lessen the likelihood of recurrence and provide pathology for examination of malignant potential. 

CHOOSING YOUR PLASTIC SURGEON
 
  Make sure he is board-certified, a member of the American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons (ASPRS), has a teaching appointment at a university hospital, spends enough time with you to answer all your questions regarding the risks and nature of the planned procedure, and is willing to show you before and after  pictures of comparable patients with a similar  problem. If he plans office surgery, make sure his operating room is accredited by the American Association for Accreditation of Ambulatory Surgical Facilities

BREAST REDUCTION

  Some women are plagued with neck and back pain and shoulder grooving by brassiere straps caused by overly large breasts.  These breasts can be lifted, shaped and reduced in a mammoplasty.  Since there is a large functional component to this operation, insurance is usually applicable to all the larger reductions.  The inverted-T scars are readily accepted by the symptomatic patients who require this operation which is usually performed under general anaesthesia in the hospital.